Months

After learning about tones and about numbers, we can talk about months! The word for month is ghueh8 月 , and to say "one month" or "a month", you'd say jek(4) ghueh8 一月 .

The words for each month of the year are formed by combining a number and the word month. However, the months do not follow the usual tone change rules, and I've found that my own family isn't even consistent on what the correct tones are here, but here's what seems to be the general consensus: When saying each month in isolation,

  • you would not apply tone change to the number,
  • but the word 'month' changes to a low tone
The folks in the Gaginang discord refer to this phenomena as tone neutralization, where a multi-syllable utterance has the first syllable retains its base tone and the following syllables change to a "neutral" (low) tone.

Here's the translation for January:

ek4 ghueh(4)

The rest of the months follow the same pattern of number + month (and remember that you should use ek4(8) for 1 and yi6(7) for 2):

January ek4 ghueh(4) 一月
February yi6 ghueh(4) 二月
March san1 ghueh(4) 三月
April si3 ghueh(4) 四月
May ngou6 ghueh(4) 五月
June lak8 ghueh(4) 六月
July chek4 ghueh(4) 七月
August boih4 ghueh(4) 八月
September gao2 ghueh(4) 九月
October jap8 ghueh(4) 十月
November jap(4) ek4 ghueh(4) 十一月
December jap(4) yi6 ghueh(4) 十二月

Dates

When you're referring to a specific day in a month, you would say the number followed by ho7 号 . For example, the 18th would be

jap(4) boih(8) ho7

To say the full date, you would say the month, then the day. And this time you do sandhi the number part of the month. Here's the translation for January 18th:

ek(8) ghueh(4) jap(4) boih(8) ho7

Here are some more examples:

January 18 ek(8) ghueh(4) jap(4) boih(8) ho7 一月十八号
March 25 san1 ghueh(4) yi(7) jap(4) ngou(7) ho7 三月二十五号
April 1 si(2) ghueh(4) ek(8) ho7 四月一号
November 12 jap(4) ek(8) ghueh(4) jap(4) yi(7) ho7 十一月十二号
Generally, when there's more at the end of the "month phrase", you do apply tone change to the number portion of the month. But remember, not everyone follows these tone change rules exactly as I've stated them. I have heard that some people will sandhi the number, even when saying the month name by itself. So, I don't know, sandhi it or don't sandhi it, it's probably fine and people will know what you mean.